[Firehol-support] blocklists

Wed May 27 23:10:17 BST 2015

Thanks for that Costa. I need to think some more on this, but I agree 
it's all in the lists - ingress yes, but egress seems to be the big one 
for serious fraud.

Just to update according to Trend cybercrime last year worldwide was 
$450b and in the next 2-3 years is expected to reach $3t ! It's more 
than big business.

I think your most interesting point was the poisoned list problem. The 
way these things work >50,000 new addresses/urls are identified every 
day (mostly urls I expect) which also means a lot disappear as well. 
Maintaining good lists without poisoning is difficult enough.

We also use ssh-faker to block access to ssh in the first place - except 
for approved IPs. Sort of a 2-phase access and it's been very effective.

Still no good answer for social engineering :(

On 28/05/2015 1:17 am, Tsaousis, Costa wrote:
> live not leave! ok! :-)
>
> On Wed, May 27, 2015 at 5:02 PM, Tsaousis, Costa <costa at tsaousis.gr> wrote:
>> I have to add that at the end of the day, what you need is lists, i.e.
>> patterns the bad guys use:
>>
>> 1. IP blocklists to stop the bad guys at the network level
>> 2. Application layer blocklists to stop known application level attacks
>> 3. URL or domain blocklists to prevent your systems from contacting the bad guys
>> 4. Intrusion detection lists that are capable of analyzing all the
>> layers of communication and alert you when something is wrong
>>
>> Most security companies this is what they do. They maintain such kinds
>> of lists. Even an anti-virus is a list of patterns and heuristics.
>>
>> Of course security companies also provide customized services, they
>> collect your logs to correlate the traces of the attackers and figure
>> out what the attackers did or trying to do. But at the end of day,
>> they will block them at the firewall. When you are under an attack you
>> may not afford to let the application level security handle it. If the
>> attack is massive, these layers will go out of resources quickly. So
>> what you need is a way to block them at the firewall.
>>
>> This is why I think ipsets are a key component (and I push it so
>> much). They really share key knowledge between all of us.
>>
>> Of course, there are more to be learned. What will happen if a key
>> blocklist most people trust is poisoned? What if somehow they have a
>> large number of random false positives? Do they rank dynamic IPs
>> properly?
>>
>> What seems missing at my view, is that the security teams around the
>> world have not yet found a way to exchange their knowledge is a
>> structured way, quickly. Each team, each company does whatever sees
>> fit. A few release IP lists, others have DNSBLs, others provide their
>> lists with a very well defined retention policy, others do not say
>> anything about their policies, how they remove false positives, how
>> they rank the attacks, etc. The InfoSec community seems very cryptic
>> at my eyes... or probably it is still at its very first steps.
>>
>> At the other hand, global fraud is a 30bn USD business. The fraudsters
>> and attackers are pros...
>>
>> Anyway, as I see it, the firewall builds walls. Blocklists are like
>> doors on these walls, they allow some, they block some.
>> Would you leave in a home without doors?
>>
>> Costa
>>
>> On Wed, May 27, 2015 at 10:24 AM, Tsaousis, Costa <costa at tsaousis.gr> wrote:
>>> Hi Rick.
>>>
>>> They are right. C&C was not just a promo. Even the attack I faced,
>>> from the outside, was mainly originating from C&C hosts around the
>>> world.
>>>
>>> Protecting a LAN of personal computers needs a different strategy
>>> compared to protecting a LAN of servers.
>>>
>>> For the servers for example a basic strategy should be something like this:
>>>
>>> 1. A good layer 3 firewall in the front, with stateful connection
>>> tracking, possibly with synproxy to help against SYN floods and a few
>>> basic traps to prevent port scans. FireHOL v3+ is good at this.
>>> synproxy support is excellent and its traps are like layer-3
>>> honeypots.
>>>
>>> 2. A few blocklists to keep the well known bad guys out of the
>>> services your firewall allows to pass. FireHOL v3+ is also good at
>>> this. Of course, the blocklists will not help you much if you get a
>>> zero-day attack (you are first to be attacked on the net).
>>>
>>> 3. An application level security layer (e.g. modsecurity for http).
>>> This will detect known attacks at the application layer (sql
>>> injection, known application vulnerabilities, etc). This also works
>>> with lists (pattern matching rules) that should be updated frequently.
>>>
>>> 4. fail2ban on all services where possible (you should even contribute
>>> to the blocklists with this). This will protect you against brute
>>> force attacks.
>>>
>>> 5. all outgoing http/https requests the servers make should go through
>>> a proxy, so that you can monitor what your servers are requesting from
>>> the internet and possibly add some security there (url blocklists -
>>> the 3rd set of lists you will need, anti-malware and anti-virus
>>> checks). Also, tt the firewall level, you should not have "client all
>>> accept" for servers. You should allow very specific things, probably
>>> with 'src' and 'dst' on every client rule.
>>>
>>> Some guys also add a snort just behind the firewall that sniffs all
>>> traffic and logs anomalies. In this case you will need a 4th type of
>>> lists, the snort alert rules. If you do this, then most probably you
>>> should add an ssl accelerator somewhere, so that it can read https
>>> traffic (this is also required if you add modsecurity).
>>>
>>> You can also contribute to the overall internet security by installing
>>> application honeyports - this will be a contribution to blocklists.
>>>
>>> Finally, you can design your application to handle security
>>> information, such as IP reputation data. Project Honey Pot provides
>>> such a mechanism through DNS (httpbl.org).
>>>
>>> On a LAN of personal computers, things are different. In this case the
>>> blocklists will help you after you are infected (there are a few lists
>>> that will block viruses, like zeus, feodo, pelevo, etc), but generally
>>> your public IPs will appear on the blocklists... On LAN PCs a proxy
>>> with anti-virus and anti-malware is required and a good anti-virus
>>> anti-malware is required on every PC, especially Windows. A snort
>>> installation can also help to detect anomalies on a LAN of PCs.
>>>
>>> Costa
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, May 27, 2015 at 2:51 AM, Rick Marshall <rjm at zenucom.com> wrote:
>>>> I haven't looked at this closely yet :( Been rather busy :(:(
>>>>
>>>> However, I did have time to attend a security seminar headed by Trend Micro.
>>>> Obviously this had a large promotion of their idea of security and how
>>>> things are happening.
>>>>
>>>> All good.
>>>>
>>>> Question is that it seems the biggest threat now is from infected devices
>>>> inside the network talking on their own - viruses/trojans etc to what Trend
>>>> is calling command and control (C&C) servers that are directing the deep
>>>> attacks.
>>>>
>>>> So, my question, we have traditionally focused on external threats in to the
>>>> organisation. Can I now turn around and track internal going out (ie packets
>>>> originated inside the network) and going to known C&C servers then
>>>> log/report the originating machine and the destination C&C. Would identify
>>>> infected machines and devices - phones etc - without having to worry about
>>>> up to date anti-virus software for some of the more serious threats.
>>>>
>>>> I suspect this is the basis of many of the devices sold by companies like
>>>> Trend and it is certainly a strengthening of firewalls.
>>>>
>>>> This would be valuable even if I have to subscribe to a frequently (hourly?)
>>>> updated list of C&Cs.
>>>>
>>>> Please feel free to ell me this is already well covered. If not perhaps we
>>>> could consider it.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks Costa.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 27/05/2015 8:59 am, Tsaousis, Costa wrote:
>>>>> It seems I am right.
>>>>>
>>>>> This says that the number of entries in an ipset does not affect its
>>>>> performance:
>>>>>
>>>>> http://people.netfilter.org/kadlec/nftest.pdf
>>>>>
>>>>> So, only the number of individual ipsets will make a difference and of
>>>>> course if you run blacklist(s) in 'full' or 'input'.
>>>>>
>>>>> Costa
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Wed, May 27, 2015 at 1:26 AM, Tsaousis, Costa <costa at tsaousis.gr>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>> Hi Whit,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> You are right to be concerned. I have not done any full tests on
>>>>>> performance. However this is my experience so far:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I believe there is no problem with big ipsets. Actually the number of
>>>>>> IPs in an ipset might not be so relevant. The ipsets are sized so that
>>>>>> one lookup per packet will do the job, even if there are hundreds of
>>>>>> thousands of IPs in the ipset (I have not read the kernel source, but
>>>>>> from the ipset configuration I see that there is a hashing algorithm
>>>>>> that is sized properly to accomplish this and in a few cases when an
>>>>>> ipset is updated from the command line, the kernel logs that re-hashed
>>>>>> it). update-ipsets.sh forces a rehash by creating an new ipset and
>>>>>> swapping the active with the new during the update.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> There are also a few very simple ways to speed it up, if you are so
>>>>>> concerned:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1. If you need to use 10 blacklists, create one bigger, so that
>>>>>> instead of 10 lookups, only 1 will be made. There is a tool (iprange)
>>>>>> included in the contrib dir of firehol that can aggregate ipsets,
>>>>>> giving an optimized netset result (example: cat *.ipset *.netset |
>>>>>> grep -v "^#" | ./iprange -J). This can also be done with the standard
>>>>>> aggregate tool on most distros (although it is significantly slower
>>>>>> than iprange). This is a nice feature for update-ipsets.sh too. I'll
>>>>>> add it...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2. Use the blacklist firehol helper with 'input' not 'full'. This will
>>>>>> only check the FIRST packet of each connection, NOT ALL the packets.
>>>>>> This limits the packets to be checked significantly.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have a few demanding installations:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> a. I use a few ipsets with tens of thousands of IPs each, on a
>>>>>> firewall server that has sustained traffic from 30 to 50 Mbps, with
>>>>>> one blacklist per ipset (so that I get a log with the ipset name that
>>>>>> matched it), each of them running in 'full' mode (all packets
>>>>>> checked). The overhead is ignorable. I cannot tell the difference with
>>>>>> and without the blacklists active...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> b. I have another server/gateway with 4 VDSLs and 4 ADSLs (more than
>>>>>> 250Mbps at peak) running again several ipsets in a similar fashion.
>>>>>> Again I cannot tell the difference...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Even on my home gateway, with a simple J1900 machine (a celeron quad
>>>>>> core cpu) running ALL the ipsets in 'full' mode on my ADSL link, with
>>>>>> the link at 100% utilization (20 Mbps in total: up + down), I cannot
>>>>>> tell the difference with and without the blacklists...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Keep in mind that I have not measured it. This is just the "feeling" I
>>>>>> have by observing 'top' and 'vmstat'...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Costa
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Wed, May 27, 2015 at 12:09 AM, Whit Blauvelt <whit at transpect.com>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>> Hi Costa,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Since you've pushed ipsets so far, have you seen any noticable system
>>>>>>> performance issues when there are thousands, or tens of thousands, of
>>>>>>> IPs in
>>>>>>> your ipsets? On the one hand I'm thinking, "What a great idea. I'll just
>>>>>>> blacklist all the IPs on the blacklists." On the other hand, there must
>>>>>>> be
>>>>>>> some threshold where it becomes computationally expensive, and I don't
>>>>>>> have
>>>>>>> the measure of that.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Whit
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Firehol-support mailing list
>>>>> Firehol-support at lists.firehol.org
>>>>> http://lists.firehol.org/mailman/listinfo/firehol-support
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> *Rick Marshall*
>>>> Director
>>>> Zenucom Pty Ltd
>>>> 0411 287530
>>>> http://www.zenucom.com
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Firehol-support mailing list
>>>> Firehol-support at lists.firehol.org
>>>> http://lists.firehol.org/mailman/listinfo/firehol-support

-- 
*Rick Marshall*
Director
Zenucom Pty Ltd
0411 287530
http://www.zenucom.com